IS 15758 (Part 1) :2007 1s0 9151:1995 W?7mm m51-1-R-yw-rT!3f ml aa5m1'd5wwrl a%mJTafmfmm'=rl /ndian Standard TEXTILES -- PROTECTIVE CLOTHING ON PART 1 METHOD OF DETERMINING OF HEAT TRANSMISSION EXPOSURE TO FLAME Ics 13.340.10 @ BIS 2007 BUREAU MANAK August 2007 OF INDIAN STANDARDS ZAFAR MARG BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH NEW DELHI 110002 Price Group 5 Chemical Methods of Test Sectional Committee, TX 05 NATIONAL FOREWORD P This Indian Standard (Part 1) which is identical with ISO 9151:1995 `Protective clothing against heat and flame -- Determination of heat transmission on exposure to flame' issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of the Chemical Methods of Test Sectional Committee and approval of the Textile Division Council. The conditioning temperature of 20 ~ 2°C as specified in International Standard is not suitable for tropical countries like India where the atmospheric temperature is normally much higher than 20°C. It is almost impossible to maintain this temperature specially during summer when the atmospheric temperature rises even up to 50"C. In view of the above, IS 6359: 1971 `Method for conditioning of textiles' specifies a temperature of 27 f 2"C for conditioning of the test specimens for the tropical countries like India. This standard is being followed in testing of textiles and other products since decades. The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard without Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards. deviations. Attention is particularly drawn to the following: a) Wherever the words `International Standard' or `European this standard, they should be read as `Indian Standard'. Standard' appear referring to b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker, while in Indian Standards, practice is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker, the current In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2: 1960 `Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)'. IS 15758 (Part l) :2007 1s0 9151:1995 /ndiall sandal-d TEXTILES -- PROTECTIVE CLOTHING ON PART 1 METHOD OF DETERMINING OF HEAT TRANSMISSION EXPOSURE TO FLAME 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for comparing the heat transmission through materials or material assemblies used in protective clothing. Materials are ranked by calculation of a heat transfer index, which is an indication of the relative heat transmission under the specified test conditions. The heat transfer index should not be taken as a measure of the protection time given by the tested materials under actual use conditions. 3.2 incident heat flux density Amount of energy incident per unit time on the exposed face of the specimen, expressed in kilowatts per square metre (kW/mz), 3.3 heat transfer index (flame): Whole number calculated from the mean time in seconds to achieve a temperature rise of (24 + 0,2) "C when testing by this method using a copper disc of mass (18 ~ 0,05) g and a starting temperature of (25 +5) "C. 2 Normative references 4 Principle The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 139:1973, conditioning Textiles -- Standard and testing. Thermocouples atmospheres for A horizontally oriented test specimen is partially restrained from movin and subjected to an incident 9 heat flux of 80 kW/m from the flame of a gas burner placed beneath it. The heat passing through the specimen is measured by means of a small copper calorimeter on top of and in contact with the specimen. The time, in seconds, for the temperature in the calorimeter to rise (24 + 0,2) "C is recorded. The mean result for three test specimens is calculated as the "heat transfer index (flame)". I EC 584-1:1977, -- Part 1: Reference tables. 5 Apparatus The apparatus consists of 3 Definitions -- a gas burner; Standard, the . a copper disc calorimeter: For the purposes of this International following definitions apply. 3.1 test specimen: All the layers of fabric or other materials arranged in the order and orientation as used in practice and including undergarments. -- a specimen support frame; -- a calorimeter location plate; 1 !!! . IS 15758 (Part l) :2007 1s0 9151:1995 -- a support stand; -- suitable measuring equipment; Constantan wire Dimensions m mllltmetres wire a template. -I­4 -- ==74 5.1 Gas burner A flat topped Meker burner with a perforated top area of (38 + 2) mm diameter and a jet suitable for propane gas shall be used. NOTES Commercial grade propane shall be used with the flow being controlled by a fine control valve and flowmeter. 1 2 mm< x< 5 mm so as not to interfere with the seating of disc in the mounting block but still as near the edge as possible, 2 The wires shall be attached to the disc by soft solder using the minimum quantity necessary, Figure 1 -- Calorimeter 5.2 Copper disc calorimeter, consisting of a disc of copper of at least 99 YO purity, having a diameter of 40 mm and thickness 1,6 mm, and a mass of 18 g. The disc shall be accurately weighed before assembly. A copper-constantan thermocouple, with an output in millivolts complying with IEC 584-1, is mounted orI the copper disc as shown in figure 1. The constantan wire shall be attached to the centre of the disc and the copper wire shall be attached as near the circumference as possible but so as not to interfere with mounting the disc in the block. The diameter of both wires shall be 0,26 mm or less and only the length attached to the disc shall be bared. The calorimeter is located in a mounting block which shall consist of a 89 mm diameter circular piece of asbestos-free noncombustible heat insulating board of nominal thickness 13 mm. The thermal characteristics shall comply with the following specification: Density Thermal conductivity (750 ~ 50) kg/m3 0,18 W/(mOK) ~ 10 Y. Dimensions in mdlimetres -3 Construction equivalent. material: Monolux 500 (cape boards) or Figure 2 -- Calorimeter mounting block A circular cavity is machined in the centre of the block to accommodate the disc and an air gap, as shown in figure 2. The disc is bonded in position around its circumference with an adhesive capable of withstanding temperatures of about 200 "C. The face of the copper disc shall be flush with the surface of the mounting block. It shall also be coated with a thin layer of an optically black paint having a coefficient of absorption, a, greater than 0,9 (see annex A). 5.3 Specimen support frame, consisting of a piece of copper 150 mm square and 1,6 mm thick with a 50 mm square hole in its centre (see figure 3). 5.4 Calorimeter location plate, made from a piece of aluminium 149 mm square and 6 mm thick and having a circular hole 90 mm in diameter located centrally (see figure 4). The plate shall weigh (264 + 13) g. 2 IS 15758 (Part 1) :2007 1s0 5.5 Support stand, used to locate the specimen support frame relative to the burner. The top face of the specimen support frame shall be 50 mm above and parallel with the top face of the burner, with the axis of the burner aligned with the centre opening in the support frame (see figure 5). of the It is convenient 9151:1995 to have a shutter between the burner and the specimen support frame. The shutter shall open completely in less than 0,2 s and shall be operated immediately after placing the burner in position, It is useful if the positioning of the burner, or the opening of the shutter, if fitted, can be used to record the start of the exposure autorllatically. Dimensions in millimetres Copper sheet z I I I I---4 25 l-1- so 150 6 50 ` i Figure 3 -- Specimen support frame 90 Dimensions In milltmetres 749 Figure 4 -- Calorimeter location plate 3 IS 15758 (Part l) :2007 1s0 9151 :1995 Dimensions [a[orimeter --Calorimeter mounting b~ock p~ate In m(lhmetres Calorimeter Thermocouple WireS ~ Location [/ I r - Specimen -- I L Specimen support frame :/ ,/ _ Gas burner -Jp-[ Figure 5 -- Support stand 5.6 Recorder. To enable the absolute temperature of the copper disc to be determined, the thermocouple should be connected to either an ice junctio"n or a commercial reference junction. The voltage signal from the thermocouple shall be connected to either a suitable potentiometric chart recorder or programmable data recorder. The recorder shall enable voltages to be read to 10 VV and times to 0,2 s. Keep combustible materials away from the burner. Ensure that the solvent used for cleaning the calorimeter is kept away from hot surfaces and naked flames. 7 Sampling 7.1 Specimen dimensions rigid template, 5.7 Flat 140mm x 140 mm. with dimensions 6 Precautions The specimens shall have the dimen~w .$, 140 mm x 140 mm and shall be taken from points more than 50 mm from the edge of the piece~ of the material, in an area free from. defects. Composite specimens shall reproduce the arrangement in which the layers are used in practice. The specimen shall be marked out using the template (see 5.7). Perform the test in a hood or ventilated area to carry away the fumes. It may be necessary to turn off the exhaust or to shield the apparatus during the test so as not to disturb the flame. The equipment becomes hot during testing and some test materials may melt or drip. Use protective gloves when handling hot objects. 7.2 Number of specimens A minimum of three specimens shall be tested for each material or assembly of materials IS 15758 (Part l) :2007 9151:1995 1s0 8 8.1 Conditioning and testing atmospheres 9.1.2 Regulation of the incident heat flux density The gas flowrate and burner setting will vary with the individual combination used, and regulation of the settings for one or both will be necessary during initial installation and from time to time during testing. The correct flux should be achieved from a flame with clearly defined stable light blue cones firmly positioned on the burner grid with a large diffuse bluish flame above. The flame setting is confirmed by measuring the heat flux density with the calorimeter. Place the calorimeter location plate on the specimen support frame. Place the calorimeter in the hole in the locating plate with the copper disc facing downwards. Select the required rate of travel of the recording device, and slide the burner quickly and deliberately under the calorimeter until it locates against its stops. If a shutter is used, open the shutter (see 5.5). Allow the burner to remain in position for about 10 s. Withdraw the burner or close the shutter. The recorded output should show a short nonlinear temperature-time region just after the start of the exposure, followed by a linear region which continues until exposure ceases. Refer to standard thermocouple electromotive force tables to determine the rate of rise of temperature in degrees Celsius per second of this linear region. The heat flux density, Q (in kW/m2) is then determined from the following equation: Q=7 where M is the mass of the copper grams; disc in kiloMc~ Conditioning atmosphere Prior to testing, the specimens shall be conditioned for at least 24 h at a temperature of (20 + 2) "C and ISO 139). If a relative humidity of (65 f 2) YO (see testing is not carried out immediately after conditioning, place the conditioned test specimens in a sealed container. Begin testing of each specimen within 3 min of removing it from the conditioning atmosphere or sealed container. 8.2 Testing atmosphere Perform the tests in an atmosphere having a temperature of 10 "C to 30 "C and a relative humidity of 15 `Y. to 80 YO and which is free from draughts. 9 Test procedure 9.1 Preparation and calibration 9.1.1 Preliminarymeasures Position the support frame on the suPPort stand so that the top surface on which the specimen is placed is 50 mm above the top face of the burner. It is suggested that a guide and stops be used to enable the burner to be positioned quickly with its axis in line with the centre of the specimen. Place the burner to one side, activate and ignite the gas supply, and allow several minutes for flame stabilization. Connect the thermocouple to the cold junction, and connect the output voltage into the recording device. Before every incident heat flux density regulation or specimen evaluation, the copper disc temperature should be in a relatively steady state and within + 2 "C of ambient temperature. Cooling may be accelerated by the use of any dry, chilled heat sink, or by forced air draught. Alternatively, a number of calorimeter units may be rotated. Heating may be achieved by contact of the palm of the hand with the copper disc or by short exposure to the burner flame. WARNING -- On no account shall the calorimeter mounting block be allowed to come into contact with water. If this occurs accidentallyit shall be dried out thoroughly before further use. CP is the specific heat capacity of the copper [ = 0,385 kJ/(kg."C)]; is the rate of rise in disc temperature in the linear region in degrees Celsius per second; is the disc area in square metres. R A The heat flux density determined by this procedure shall be within + 5 `Yo of the specified 80 kW/m2. Adjust the gas flowrate if required, and repeat until three consecutive values are obtained which fall within the required limits. 5 IS 15758 (Part l) :2007 1s0 9151:1995 9.2 Test specimen mounting 9.2.1 Place the outermost layer of the specimen face downwards on the specimen support frame (see 5.3). Place the location plate (see 5.4) on top of the specimen. 9.2.2 If the specimen consists of more than one layer and the layers are not attached to one another, remove the location plate and mount each successive layer in the order and orientation as used in the assembly. Use the weight of the location plate, with no additional pressure, to press each layer into contact with the previous layer. 9.2.3 After the last (innermost) layer has been mounted, replace the location plate and place the calorimeter in the hole in the location plate so that the copper disc is in contact with the top of the innermost layer. 9.3 Test specimen exposure 9.3.4 Measure the time in seconds for a temperature rise in the calorimeter of (24 + 0,2) `C (see annex C). 9.3.5 Repeat the procedure with two more specimens. Calculate the heat transfer index as the mean of the times taken for a temperature rise of (24 + 2) "C, to the nearest whole number. NOTE 1 It is also possible to measure the time in seconds for a temperature rise of (12,0 * 0,1) "C, corresponding to a thermocouple output increase of" 0,5 mV using an 18 g calorimeter. This measurement can be used to determine to what extent heat transfer is delayed or reduced. However, it should be stressed that the times measured have only a limited accuracy and do not necessarily relate to protection times under actual use conditions. 10 Test report particulars: The test report shall contain the following a) name of test laboratory; b) date; c) reference to this International Standard; d) identification reference of the materials tested; 9.3.1 Slide the burner quickly and deliberately into position. Immediately move the shutter, if fitted, from below the specimen. Start the recording device simultaneously with the exposure of the specimen to the burner flame or mark the start of the exposure with the recorder already running, depending on the equipment used. 9.3.2 Allow the test to continue until a temperature rise of (24 ~ 0,2) "C is observed. Observe and note any changes in specimen appearance during the test, e.g. shrinkage, scorching, charring, holing, glowing, melting or dripping. Replace the shutter, if fitted, and withdraw the burner. Switch off the recorder. 9.3.3 Remove the calorimeter and clean off any combustion products whilst it is still hot (see clause 6). Cool to within + 2 "C of ambient temperature. If the remaining deposit on the calorimeter is thick or uneven, if the black coating has deteriorated, or if the copper is exposed, the calorimeter disc shall be cleaned (see annex A) and repainted (see 5.2). At least one calibration run (see 9.1 .2) shall be carried out with the recoated calorimeter before testing further specimens. e) description of the test materials and the arrangement in which they were tested, if possible details of generic names, mass per unit area and thickness under no pressure and under the pressure of the location plate should be given; f) the time in seconds for a 24 "C temperature rise for each specimen tested and the heat transfer index calculated from these individual results; the time in seconds for a 12 "C temperature rise for each specimen tested may also be reported; g) if requested, h) description of any changes in appearance of the specimens; i) a statement as follows: "These results have been obtained by a test method intended solely to rank the material and are not necessarily applicable to actual fire conditions. " 6 IS 15758 (Part l) :2007 1s0 9151:1995 Annex A (informative) Availability of materials The following are examples of sources of materials specified in this International Standard. Equally suitable alternatives are available from other sources. This information is given for the convenience of users of this international Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these products. Gas burner (5.1) Fisher Burner model 3-902 P. Fisher Scientific Company, 711 Fwbes Ave., Pittsburg, PA 15219, USA Muller-Scherr, Laborausrtistungsgeselischaft Leopold-Hasner-Strasse 36, A-4020 Linz, Austria m.b.l-l. & Co. KG, Insulating board (5.2) Monolux 500. Cape Boards & Panels Ltd. Iver Lane, Uxbridge UB80 2JQ, England Black paint (5.2) Nextel Velvet Coating Black 2010. 3M UK Ltd. P.O. Box 38, Yeoman l-louse, 63 Croydon Road, Penge, London SE207TR, England Calorimeter cleaning liquid (9.3.3) A mixture of three parts 1, 1,1-trichloroethane Calorimeter paint remover (9.3.3) Acetone and one part ethanol by volume has been found suitable. 7 IS 15758 (Part l) :2007 9151:1995 1s0 Annex B (informative) Specimen Tests carried out in accordance with ISO 9151 Test laboratory Reference No. test report form ........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................... Date .................................................. Thickness Testmaterials Type Mass/unit area g/mZ Layer 1 (outer) 2 3 4 5 No pressure mm Under location plate Incident heat flux ....................................................................................................................................... kW/mz Specimen 1 2 3 Time for 24 "C temperature rise Heat transfer index These results have been obtained by a test method aimed sclely at ranking the materials tested and are not necessarily applicable to actual fire conditions. 8 IS 15758 (Partl' 1s0 9151:1995 :2007 Annex C (informative) Significance of the heat transfer Repeatability Reproducibility test = 0,19+ 0,055 (mean) The heat transfer index (HTI) provides a means of ranking the ability of clothing assemblies to delay the transfer of heat from a flame. It is derived from the time in seconds to achieve a 24 "C temperature rise under the specified test conditions, which corresponds to a thermocouple output increase of (1 +- 0,01) mV (+ 10 PV) and a total heat transfer of (132,3 + 1,1) kJ/m2. = 1,21 + 0,12 (mean) The performance of the materials tested in these trials could be divided into five bands, as shown in table C.1. Table C.1 illustrates how adding extra layers increases the HTI value. Thick materials, particularly those containing large volumes of entrapped air, are especially effective. The suggested limits for the different bands are based on the performance of actual materials and allow for the variability between laboratories. The midpoints of each band are based on frequently occurring values and the band widths are twice the reproducibility based on this midpoint value. If performance levels are set too close to the formal value, different laboratories will give different classifications. In this proposed classification, any test assembly giving results which fall on the limit of a particular band ought to be retested and classification based on a minimum of two sets of results falling within the same band. Assemblies which give results which differ by less than the reproducibility for the band should not be regarded as being significantly different, It is possible to determine the heat transfer index (HTI) (24-12) as an additional factor in order to distinguish between different materials. However, this parameter is also subject to poor reproducibility and to rounding errors. The heat transfer through clothing is dependent on the thickness of the clothing assembly including any air gaps. The HTI is determined with the specimen compressed under a standard load so as to minimize any air gaps, Thicker clothing gives better protection and gives bility. higher HTI values but with increased varia- The heat transfer index should not be regarded as the time for which the clothing will provide protection against a flame. Under actual use conditions, the severity of the flame and the compression of the clothing are not constant and can vary considerably from the standard test conditions. The performance of wet clothing may differ from the performance of the dry test specimen. An interlaboratory trial was carried out in 1989 testing 18 single or multilayer assemblies in five laboratories. A further interlaboratory trial in 1991 involved seven single or multilayer assemblies tested in seven different laboratories. The following formulae for repeatability and reproducibility were derived from this latest trial. Table C.1 Band HTI limits Typical assembly Single layer Double layer, thick single Triple layer, thick double Comments Most single-layer fabrics give results of 4 or 5 Covers a wide range of normal multilayer apparel Specialist firefighting clothing has HTI about 16 Reprociucibility 1#7 2,3 3,2 4,3 -- 1 2 3 4 5 3t06 7to12 13t020 21 to 30 2 31 Very thick Extremely thick Specialist heat protective clothing Very special applications 9 !! Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of /rtcfkin Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. 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